Ma'anar & Asalin Chip
Chip - kalma mai mahimmanci don samfuran ɓangaren semiconductor, haɗaɗɗun da'irori, an rage shi azaman IC;ko microcircuits, microchips, wafers / guntu, a cikin Electronics wata hanya ce ta miniaturizing da'irori (yafi semiconductor na'urorin, amma kuma m aka gyara, da dai sauransu) kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kerarre a saman semiconductor wafers.
Daga 1949 zuwa 1957, Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui ne suka kirkiro samfura, amma Jack Kilby ne ya ƙirƙira da'ira ta zamani a 1958. An ba shi kyautar Nobel ta Physics a 2000, amma Robert Noyce, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi. Hakanan ya haɓaka da'ira mai amfani na zamani a lokaci guda, ya mutu a cikin 1990.
Babban amfani da guntu
Bayan ƙirƙira da yawan samar da transistor, an yi amfani da sassa daban-daban na semiconductor iri-iri kamar diodes da transistor a adadi mai yawa, tare da maye gurbin aiki da rawar da bututun iska a cikin da'irori.A tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20, ci gaban fasahar kera semiconductor ya sa haɗin gwiwar da'irori ya yiwu.Idan aka kwatanta da da'irori da aka haɗa hannu waɗanda ke amfani da na'urorin lantarki masu hankali na ɗaiɗaiku, haɗaɗɗun da'irori na iya haɗa adadi mai yawa na ƙananan transistor zuwa ƙaramin guntu, wanda babban ci gaba ne.Ma'auni na yawan aiki, dogaro, da tsarin da'irar ƙirar da'ira na haɗaɗɗun da'irori yana tabbatar da saurin ɗaukar daidaitattun da'irori maimakon ƙira tare da transistor masu hankali.
Haɗaɗɗen da'irori suna da manyan fa'idodi guda biyu akan transistor masu hankali: farashi da aiki.Karancin farashi ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa guntu yana buga duk abubuwan da aka gyara a matsayin naúrar, maimakon yin transistor guda ɗaya a lokaci guda.Babban aikin shine saboda abubuwan da ke canzawa da sauri kuma suna cinye ƙarancin makamashi saboda abubuwan da aka haɗa suna da ƙanana kuma suna kusa da juna.2006, guntu yankin ya tashi daga ƴan murabba'in millimeters zuwa 350 mm² kuma zai iya kai transistor miliyan daya a kowace mm².
(Za a iya samun transistor biliyan 30 a ciki!)
Yadda guntu ke aiki
Guntu wani haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira ce wacce ta ƙunshi babban adadin transistor.Chips daban-daban suna da girman haɗin kai daban-daban, kama daga ɗaruruwan miliyoyin;zuwa dubun ko daruruwan transistor.Transistor suna da jihohi biyu, a kunne da kashewa, waɗanda 1s da 0s ke wakilta.Yawancin 1s da 0s waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar transistor da yawa, waɗanda aka saita zuwa takamaiman ayyuka (watau umarni da bayanai) don wakilci ko sarrafa haruffa, lambobi, launuka, zane-zane, da sauransu. Bayan an kunna guntu, yana fara fara farawa. umarni don fara guntu, kuma daga baya yana ci gaba da karɓar sabbin umarni da bayanai don kammala aikin.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-03-2019