Ma'anar & Asalin Chip
Chip - kalma mai mahimmanci don samfuran ɓangaren semiconductor, haɗaɗɗun da'irori, an rage shi azaman IC; ko microcircuits, microchips, wafers / guntu, a cikin Electronics wata hanya ce ta miniaturizing da'irori (yafi semiconductor na'urorin, amma kuma m aka gyara, da dai sauransu) kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kerarre a saman semiconductor wafers.
Daga 1949 zuwa 1957, samfurori sun kirkiro da Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, amma Jack Kilby ya kirkiro da'ira ta zamani a cikin 1958. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel don Physics a 2000, amma Robert Noyce, wanda kuma ya ci gaba a cikin lokaci guda 9.
Babban amfani da guntu
Bayan ƙirƙira da yawan samar da transistor, an yi amfani da sassa daban-daban na semiconductor iri-iri irin su diodes da transistor a adadi mai yawa, tare da maye gurbin aiki da rawar injin bututu a cikin da'irori. A tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20, ci gaban fasahar kera semiconductor ya sa haɗin gwiwar da'irori ya yiwu. Idan aka kwatanta da da'irori da aka haɗa hannu da ke amfani da na'urorin lantarki masu hankali na ɗaiɗaiku, haɗaɗɗun da'irori na iya haɗa ɗimbin micro-transistor zuwa ƙaramin guntu, wanda babban ci gaba ne. Ma'auni na yawan aiki, dogaro, da tsarin da'irar ƙirar da'irar hadedde da'irori yana tabbatar da saurin ɗaukar daidaitattun da'irori maimakon ƙira tare da transistor masu hankali.
Haɗaɗɗen da'irori suna da manyan fa'idodi guda biyu akan transistor masu hankali: farashi da aiki. Karancin farashi ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa guntu yana buga duk abubuwan da aka gyara a matsayin naúrar, maimakon yin transistor guda ɗaya a lokaci guda. Babban aikin shine saboda abubuwan da ke canzawa da sauri kuma suna cinye ƙarancin makamashi saboda abubuwan da aka haɗa suna da ƙanana kuma suna kusa da juna. 2006, guntu yankin ya tashi daga ƴan murabba'in millimeters zuwa 350 mm² kuma zai iya kai transistor miliyan daya a kowace mm².
(Za a iya samun transistor biliyan 30 a ciki!)
Yadda guntu ke aiki
Guntu wani haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira ce wacce ta ƙunshi babban adadin transistor. Chips daban-daban suna da girman haɗin kai daban-daban, kama daga ɗaruruwan miliyoyin; zuwa dubun ko daruruwan transistor. Transistor suna da jihohi biyu, a kunne da kashewa, waɗanda 1s da 0s ke wakilta. Multiple 1s and 0s generated by multiple transistor, wanda aka saita zuwa takamaiman ayyuka (watau umarni da bayanai) don wakilci ko sarrafa haruffa, lambobi, launuka, zane-zane, da sauransu. Bayan guntu ya yi ƙarfi, ya fara haifar da umarnin farawa don fara guntu, kuma daga baya yana ci gaba da karɓar sabbin umarni da bayanai don kammala aikin.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-03-2019
